They are divided into two categories: rock drills and drilling rigs. Drilling rigs are divided into open-pit drilling rigs and underground drilling rigs.
Rock drill
It is used to drill blast holes with a diameter of 20 to 100 mm and a depth of less than 20 meters in medium-hard and above rocks. According to their power, they can be divided into pneumatic, internal combustion, hydraulic and electric rock drills, among which pneumatic rock drills are the most widely used.
surface drilling rig
According to different working mechanisms for crushing ore rock, they are divided into wire rope impact drilling rigs, down-the-hole drilling rigs, roller cone drilling rigs and rotary drilling rigs. Steel rope impact drilling rigs have been gradually replaced by other drilling rigs due to their low efficiency. The down-the-hole drilling rig uses the drill rod to drive the pneumatic impactor and the drill bit to rotate together, and uses the piston of the pneumatic impactor to impact the drill bit to break the ore rock. It is usually used in small and medium-sized mines to drill blast holes with a diameter of 80 to 250 mm. The roller cone drill uses the rolling action of the roller cone drill bit to break the ore rock. It is suitable for drilling holes with a diameter of 150 to 440 mm in hard ore rock. It has the advantages of high efficiency and low labor intensity. It is widely used in large and medium-sized open-pit metal mines. widely used. A down-the-hole (or cone) drilling rig consists of an impactor (or drill bit), a rotary mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a pressurizing device, a traveling mechanism, a slag discharge system, a drill frame and a drill rod. Rotary drilling rigs are only suitable for drilling softer rock and coal.
Downhole drilling rig
When drilling underground blastholes with a hole diameter of less than 150 mm, in addition to using a rock drill, a small-diameter down-the-hole drill of 80 to 150 mm can also be used. When drilling a blast hole with a diameter of less than 70 mm in coal or softer rock, an electric drill or pneumatic drill is generally used. The electric motor (or pneumatic motor) drives the drill pipe to drill the hole, and the drilled rock (coal) cuttings pass through the drill pipe. spiral groove discharge.